CAS500-2 Rideshare: VSFB SLC-4E - 2026-05-03 6:59 UTC

Last updated: 2026-05-02 21:30 UTC

Temporary NORAD ID Satellite Frequency Transmission Notes Deployment
UHF
98313 Drishti 400.200 MHz FM - Directly
98322 NuLink-1 401.000 MHz FM - Directly
98321 NuLink-2 401.000 MHz FM - Directly
98315 Eycore-1 401.050 MHz FM - Directly
98310 Balkan-2 401.360 MHz GMSK 9600.0 Unconfirmed, based on previous mission Directly
98332 PEARL-1A 401.540 MHz GFSK 9600.0 - Directly
98330 PEARL-1B 401.620 MHz GFSK 9600.0 - Directly
98311 BRO-21 401.735 MHz FSK AX.100 Mode 5 4800.0 - Directly
AMATEUR UHF
98314 QUBE2 435.600 MHz FM non IARU coordinated Directly
98318 FrontierSat 436.150 MHz GMSK 9600.0 IARU coordinated Directly
98320 Gemini-Pollux 437.200 MHz BPSK 9600.0 IARU coordinated Directly
98314 QUBE2 437.900 MHz FM - Directly
S-Band
98322 NuLink-1 2218.000 MHz FSK AX.100 Mode 5 38400.0 - Directly
98321 NuLink-2 2220.000 MHz FSK AX.100 Mode 5 38400.0 - Directly
98309 SNAPPY 2229.500 MHz FM - Directly
98313 Drishti 2240.000 MHz FM - Directly
98316 SELENE 2255.000 MHz FSK 50000.0 - Directly
98317 HELIOS 2255.000 MHz FSK 50000.0 - Directly
98312 BusanSat 2261.950 MHz FM - Directly
98315 Eycore-1 2277.500 MHz FM - Directly
98314 QUBE2 2282.500 MHz FM - Directly
NOT IN DB
- Hydra-3 - - Expected in UHF Directly
- CAS500-2 - - - Directly
- RAVEN - - - Directly
- JEN-1 - - - Directly
- BSLT-3 - - - Directly
- Lynk Tower 7 - - - Directly
- Lynk Tower 8 - - - Directly
- Pelican-7 - - - Directly
- Pelican-8 - - - Directly
- Pelican-9 - - - Directly
- Jackal-004 - - - Directly
- FOREST-16 Sowitasgoht - - - Directly
- FOREST-17 Telperion - - - Directly
- FOREST-18 MangoShrikhand - - - Directly
- FOREST-19 Patadastra - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-7 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-10 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-11 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-12 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-13 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-14 - - - Directly
- IRIDE-MS2-HEO-15 - - - Directly
- ICEYE-X78 - - - Directly
- ICEYE-X82 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-2 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-3 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-4 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-5 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-6 - - - Directly
- Loft-EarthDaily-7 - - - Directly

One more rideshare ready to go, let’s try to gather info about the satellites and add them to SatNOGS DB in the next days in order to track them.

Sources:

5 Likes

FrontierSat (CTS Sat1)
436.150 MHz
GMSK 9600 32-bit ASM + GOLAY with FEC
IARU coordinated IARU Sat Coordinator
https://www.calgarytospace.ca/

8 Likes

Satellites to be launched (by groups)
no group: CAS500-2, Selene, BSLT-3, QUBE-II, Helios, FrontierSat, RAVEN, BRO-21, Hydra-3, Balkan-2, SNAPPY, JEN-1, Jackal Autonomous Orbital Vehicle, Eycore-1, GalaxEye’s Mission Drishti, Gemini-Pollux, BusanSat,

  1. Pelican-9, Pelican-8, Pelican-7,
  2. Lynk Tower 7, Lynk Tower 8,
  3. NuLink-2, NuLink-1,
  4. PEARL-1B, PEARL-1A,
  5. FOREST-18 MangoShrikhand, FOREST-19 Patadastra, FOREST-16 Sowitasgoht, FOREST-17 Telperion,
  6. HEO-07, HEO-14, HEO-12, HEO-13, HEO-10, HEO-15, HEO-11,
  7. ICEYE 2, ICEYE 1,
  8. Loft-EarthDaily-5, Loft-EarthDaily-6, Loft-EarthDaily-2, Loft-EarthDaily-3, Loft-EarthDaily-4, Loft-EarthDaily-1
Some Info
  • CAS500-2: This is a South Korean Earth observation satellite weighing about 550 kg, equipped with the AEISS-C camera with 0.5 m panchromatic resolution.
  • Selene: No information is available in open sources about this satellite.
  • BSLT-3: This satellite is part of the commercial SIGINT (radio frequency intelligence) constellation operated by Unseenlabs.
  • QUBE-II: This is an 8U CubeSat developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) technology from orbit.
  • Helios: No information is available in open sources about this satellite.
  • FrontierSat: This is a 3U CubeSat built by students at the University of Calgary to study a rare atmospheric phenomenon called STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement).
  • RAVEN: This satellite is part of Unseenlabs’ BRO (Breizh Reconnaissance Orbiter) constellation for collecting radio frequency emissions from ships.
  • BRO-21: This is one of the French company Unseenlabs’ satellites for global radio frequency monitoring of maritime traffic.
  • Hydra-3: This satellite is part of Uhiru’s Hydra/T-cluster constellation providing Internet of Things (IoT) services.
  • Balkan-2: This is a Bulgarian satellite that will use an Enpulsion electric propulsion system for orbit maintenance.
  • SNAPPY: This is an Italian Earth remote sensing satellite.
  • JEN-1: No information is available in open sources about this satellite.
  • Jackal Autonomous Orbital Vehicle: This is a spacecraft by True Anomaly designed for rendezvous and inspection of other objects in orbit.
  • Eycore-1: This is the first Polish commercial satellite with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), capable of observing Earth regardless of cloud cover or lighting.
  • GalaxEye’s Mission Drishti: This is an Indian Earth observation satellite that combines a multispectral camera and a SAR sensor for 24/7 high‑resolution imagery of any location.
  • Gemini-Pollux: No information is available in open sources about this satellite.
  • BusanSat: This is a South Korean 12U nanosatellite equipped with the PolCube polarimetric camera for observing atmospheric aerosols and the marine environment.
  • Pelican-9, Pelican-8, Pelican-7: These are commercial Earth imaging satellites offering 30 cm/pixel resolution with hyperspectral capabilities for various applications.
  • Lynk Tower 7, Lynk Tower 8: These are commercial satellites for providing emergency connectivity directly to standard mobile phones.
  • NuLink-2, NuLink-1: These satellites provide real‑time Internet of Things (IoT) services in remote areas of the Earth.
  • PEARL-1B, PEARL-1A: These are two identical 6U XL CubeSats from Taiwan’s National Central University for inter‑satellite radio link experiments in the Ku/Ka band.
  • FOREST-18 MangoShrikhand, FOREST-19 Patadastra, FOREST-16 Sowitasgoht, FOREST-17 Telperion: These satellites support urban planning, agriculture, and infrastructure monitoring through hyperspectral imaging.
  • HEO-07, HEO-14, HEO-12, HEO-13, HEO-10, HEO-15, HEO-11: These are Italian Argotec satellites for monitoring climate change with imaging resolution better than 3 metres per pixel.
  • ICEYE 2, ICEYE 1: These are Finnish radar (SAR) satellites capable of acquiring images in any weather, day or night, regardless of cloud cover.
  • Loft-EarthDaily-5, Loft-EarthDaily-6, Loft-EarthDaily-2, Loft-EarthDaily-3, Loft-EarthDaily-4, Loft-EarthDaily-1: These six satellites form a commercial constellation for daily global monitoring of changes on the Earth’s surface.
7 Likes

Working down the list, the first one that might be worth checking out is Eycore-1 w/ downlinks in two of the usual bands: 401.05 & 2277.5

… as well as a couple of X-Band downlinks.

2 Likes

Here is QUBE-2 listing -2- 70cm Amateur freqs & an S-Band downlink. Hopefully they won’t use the 70cm downlinks much since this sat will be working w/ encryption technology research.

2 Likes

Imaging sat MISSION_DRISHTI is listing 400.2, 2240, & some X-Band downlinks:

… every time I see a new sat listing 60 or 70 kHz bandwidth in the 400 MHz band, I always wonder if it’s going to end up being 62.5k LoRa since so many of the recent satellites are using that modulation.

1 Like

I’m only listing BUSANSAT because if they really are only using a 200k signal on S-Band, I’m very curious to see what it might be.

2 Likes

IoT/LoRaWAN sats NuLink-1 & NuLink-2 are already in SatNogs:

… and might be interesting because in addition to 400 MHz, S-Band, & X-Band downlinks, they are listing the EU-868 & US-915 LoRaWAN bands. While documentation shows their area of focus to be Southeast Asia, you never know where we might be able to see some of these signals.

3 Likes

Selene and Helios from the Hellenic Space Dawn mission

Both satellites use the exact same configuration:

  • S-band transmission (beacon):
    Frequency: 2252.5–2257.5 MHz (centered at 2255 MHz)

  • Modulation: FSK

  • Transmission start time after injection: 2 hours

  • Beacon interval: 1 minute

They will be deployed in the 2nd and 5th positions from a Falcon 9 launch.

2 Likes

Until now there isn’t any TLE from celestrak, as usually publishes one day before transporter rideshare launches, so we might need to generate our own.

I’ll take a look later today on this and I’ll post any update here.
If any of the teams has any TLE to suggest to use for their satellite, just let me know.

Later today I’m going also to update the first post with all the satellite with their transmission details that we will track.

7 Likes

First post is updated with the 15 satellites that were added in DB and we will try to track.

TLE sets will follow in a new post when they are ready.

5 Likes

There will be two groups, here are the preliminary TLE sets calculated by @cgbsat’s sattools and using the temporary NORAD IDs we use in DB:

1st group:

Selene
1 98316U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    08
2 98316  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    08
QUBE-II
1 98314U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    06
2 98314  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    06
FrontierSat
1 98318U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    00
2 98318  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    00
Helios
1 98317U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    09
2 98317  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    09
BRO-21
1 98311U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    03
2 98311  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    03
Balkan-2
1 98310U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    02
2 98310  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    02
SNAPPY
1 98309U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    00
2 98309  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    00
Eycore-1
1 98315U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    07
2 98315  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    07
Drishti
1 98313U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    05
2 98313  97.3900  21.0349 0014528   0.0000 144.7244 15.20279983    05

2nd group:

Gemini-Pollux
1 98320U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    03
2 98320  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    05
NuLink-2
1 98321U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    04
2 98321  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    06
NuLink-1
1 98322U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    05
2 98322  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    07
BusanSat
1 98312U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    04
2 98312  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    06
PEARL-1B
1 98330U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    04
2 98330  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    06
PEARL-1A
1 98332U          26123.29305556  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    06
2 98332  97.7500  20.7795 0010767   0.0000 144.7166 14.93350918    08
5 Likes

TLE for NuLink-1 and NuLink-2, using temporary NORAD IDs in DB, derived from OPM data.

NuLink-1                
1 98322U          26123.39019205  .00000000  00000-0 +71779-7 0    19
2 98322  97.7570  19.6670 0002128 101.4910 212.3420 14.93704686    01
NuLink-2                
1 98321U          26123.38998834  .00000000  00000-0 +71779-7 0    11
2 98321  97.7540  19.7430 0002067  96.7910 215.9570 14.93570811    06

UHF transmissions on these satellite are not primary, hence better to track using S-Band.

Thank you!

2 Likes

Launch was on time!

In total 2485 observations have been scheduled for the first 48h after deployment of the satellites. We have used the TLE sets of the previous posts.

The difference in the number of scheduled observations is based to:

  • Frequency of transmission of the satellite
  • Orbit of the satellite/TLE set
  • Request by or communication with the satellite team
  • Spectrum misuse or violation of regulations
Temp NORAD ID Satellite Scheduled Observations
98332 PEARL-1A 250
98330 PEARL-1B 250
98322 NuLink-1 64
98321 NuLink-2 63
98320 Gemini-Pollux 320
98318 FrontierSat 415
98317 HELIOS 22
98316 SELENE 23
98315 Eycore-1 170
98314 QUBE2 298
98313 Drishti 228
98312 BusanSat 22
98311 BRO-21 170
98310 Balkan-2 170
98309 SNAPPY 20
4 Likes

Nothing yet, but it is too early.

Just to note that some signals that show up on Balkan-2 observations are coming from BOTSAT-1 satellite.

FrontierSat is beaconing in intervals of 20 seconds.

C2 A2 8A 00 01 43 54 53 31 02 00 D3 81 50 00 D3 81 50 00 69 85 92 46 9D 01 00 00 05 01 00 00 00 00 FA 00 00 00 01 00 5C 14 00 00 00 00 5D 3E 63 FF 7F 9B 03 C6 0E 00 00 A3 00 00 00 6C 00 00 00 8F 00 00 00 63 00 00 00 88 00 00 00 C9 04 00 00 06 02 01 02 00 00 00 02 48 65 6C 6C 6F 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 43 61 6C 67 61 72 79 54 6F 53 70 61 63 65 20 46 72 6F 6E 74 69 65 72 53 61 74 00 00 00 00 00 45 4E 44 00 

Gemini-Pollux is also transmitting, but pretty weak in intervals of 30 seconds.

2 Likes

Updated TLE for NuLinks

NULINK-2                
1 98322U          26123.38836855  .00000000  00000-0 +71779-7 0    16
2 98322  97.7380  20.5730 0003704  93.0430 207.2320 14.93291757    04
NULINK-1                
1 98321U          26123.38857226  .00000000  00000-0 +71779-7 0    10
2 98321  97.7410  20.4960 0003547  97.0670 204.2910 14.93351723    08
1 Like

QUBE-2 received

The TLE needs some updating, lets wait a couple more passes.

Jan | PE0SAT

3 Likes

PEARL-1A received and here is TLE update:

PEARL-1A
1 98332U          26123.40827239  .00000000  00000-0  50000-4 0    06
2 98332  97.7500  21.1054 0010767   0.0000  47.2927 14.93350918    03

Updated TLE for Gemini-Pollux

GEMINI-POLLUX
1 98320U          26123.38816948  .00000000  00000-0  56250-4 0  9995
2 98320  97.7370  20.6470 0013854  89.0140 210.1990 14.92878401    16
2 Likes