OBZP1 Satellite

From Re: Barents Sea Nav warning from Bart Hendrickx via Seesat-l on 2026-03-24 (SeeSat-L Mar-26)

Eyewitnesses report having seen a launch from Plesetsk around 17.30 UTC today. There have been no NOTAMs corresponding to the launch of a Yars ICBM, so this
most likely was the satellite launch to a 82° inclination orbit discussed in this thread. Strangely enough, there has been no confirmation of the launch from the Ministry of Defense,
which is highly unusual. This points either to some kind of mishap or a new policy to no longer announce launches from Plesetsk.

Meanwhile, Russian radio amateurs claim to have picked up signals from a hitherto unknown small satellite (OBZP1) launched from Plesetsk today.
Запущенный сегодня, 23 марта 2026 года, с космодрома «Плесецк» МКА «OBZP1» вышел на связь | R4UAB

Downlink: 435.615 MHz AFSK 1200 / DOKA
Downlink: 435.715 MHz DOKA

Orbit:

1 90000U 00001A   26082.73220162  .00000000  00000-0  52294-3 0    10
2 90000  82.2945 108.6614 0025130  78.3270   5.7283 15.88315102    15

290x324 km, 82.3°

Here is a map showing its current location:
Спутник OBZP1 | R4UAB

Even if this satellite was indeed placed into orbit, it is highly unlikely to have been the sole payload carried on board. The launch was expected to place 16 Rassvet
broadband satellites into orbit.

We will have to wait and see if US tracking data confirm that something indeed reached orbit.

Bart Hendrickx

I’ve added the satellite in DB with temporary NORAD ID 98373 and scheduled in Network.
Here is the TLE from @R4UAB changed to use the temporary NORAD ID in DB:

OBZP1
1 98373U 00001A   26082.73220162  .00000000  00000-0  52294-3 0    11
2 98373  82.2945 108.6614 0025130  78.3270   5.7283 15.88315102    16
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And active on both 435.615 and 435.715 over Europe

Jan | PE0SAT

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We have some successful obs in the network.
Listening to the audio recording, this doesn’t sound like 1k2 AFSK AX.25. Let see if we can find a more centered obs or IQ recording and do some further analyses.

Jan | PE0SAT

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A TLE update based on the initial TLE and the latest Network observations:

OBZP1
1 98373U 00001A   26083.42135935  .00000000  00000-0  52294-3 0    00
2 98373  82.2945 108.0842 0025130  78.3270 342.5603 15.88315102    00
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04:19 UTC OBZP1 rx on 435.715 MHz

SDR# IQ recording: Upload files for free - 04-19-41_435713418Hz.wav - ufile.io

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Thanks that is clearly DOKA and we are not able to decode.

Jan | PE0SAT

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Indeed! https://x.com/SV2HWM/status/2036381335355265285

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Thanks for posting the I/Q file.

While I know it’s not this easy, just to have something to look at & experiment with, I looped one of the strongest packets…

… in GNU Radio and after centering, there is good symbol separation w/ 9k6 FSK:

… absent any framing, we can still look at the raw HEX output which MAYBE suggests enough consecutive ‘55’ bytes to illustrate the preamble to whatever the actual frame structure is. (this is more for entertainment than any scientific reverse-engineering)…

… anyway, it’s fun to experiment with. The single packet crop file is at:

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/x3ecenpra5f15k9h63voi/unk-93750_IQ.raw?rlkey=e2lq872fs8jq9bwqwexo1es8a&dl=0

and my GRC file is at:

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/rpdcfoluxmh69mg5d65ze/unk_fsk_k4kdr.grc?rlkey=vbwn90mln5izxb5ie3ynwb4q3&dl=0

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OBZP1 Telemetry 17:41:06 UTC.
AFSK ON!

Replay audio file.
Time recovered

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This looks like DOKA and that uses PM.

Via this link you can find all that is known to me.
An audio example can be found via this link, scroll down for DOKA-B.

Jan | PE0SAT

1 Like

Was it 1k2 AFSK AX.25 or a variant?

Jan | PE0SAT

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Replaying the IQ belonging to this observation during this pass both 1k2 AFSK AX.25 and DOKA where active in turns.

Below the AFSK decode with gr_satellites and the used OBZP1.yml file.

name: OBZP1
norad: 98373
data:
  &tlm Telemetry:
    telemetry: ax25
transmitters:
  1k2 AFSK downlink:
    frequency: 435.615e+6
    modulation: AFSK
    baudrate: 1200
    af_carrier: 1700
    deviation: 500
    framing: AX.25
    data:
    - *tlm

gr_satellites OBZP1.yml --samp_rate 48e3 --audio

-> Packet from 1k2 AFSK downlink
Container: 
    header = Container: 
        addresses = ListContainer: 
            Container: 
                callsign = u'CQ' (total 2)
                ssid = Container: 
                    ch = False
                    ssid = 0
                    extension = False
            Container: 
                callsign = u'OBZP1' (total 5)
                ssid = Container: 
                    ch = False
                    ssid = 0
                    extension = True
        control = 0x0A
        pid = 0x01
    info = b'260324220836;05;B1=FA690100900FCF0F;B2=FA690100900FCF0F;T2=33;Au=7342;Ai=-10;Bu=7341;Bi=45;Su=7350;Si=75;2u=7341;2i=0' (total 117)

Jan | PE0SAT

6 Likes

A new TLE update using the latest Network observations:

OBZP1
1 98373U 00001A   26083.73588517  .00000000  00000-0  52294-3 0    02
2 98373  82.2945 107.5297 0025130  78.3270 339.4807 15.88042197    00

sites.txt (12.8 KB)
obzp1_083_v3.dat (1.8 KB)

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Direwolf with config setting:
Modem 1143 1190:2320 A- 9@7

=> Channel 0: 1143 baud, AFSK 1190 & 2320 Hz, A, 48000 sample rate.

OBZP1 audio level = 16(3/3)    ||_||||__
[0.3 22:19:49] OBZP1>CQ:(I cc=00, n(s)=6, n(r)=0, p/f=0, pid=0x01)260324220901;06;B1=136A0100900FCF0F;B2=146A0100900FCF0F;T2=55;Au=7550;Ai=-45;Bu=7551;Bi=137;Su=7578;Si=202;3u=7548;3i=0
I frame: n(r)=0, p=0, n(s)=6, ISO 8208/CCITT X.25 PLP, length = 135
 dest    CQ      0 c/r=0 res=2 last=0
 source  OBZP1   0 c/r=0 res=1 last=1
  000:  86 a2 40 40 40 40 40 9e 84 b4 a0 62 40 21 0c 01  ..@@@@@....b@!..
  010:  32 36 30 33 32 34 32 32 30 39 30 31 3b 30 36 3b  260324220901;06;
  020:  42 31 3d 31 33 36 41 30 31 30 30 39 30 30 46 43  B1=136A0100900FC
  030:  46 30 46 3b 42 32 3d 31 34 36 41 30 31 30 30 39  F0F;B2=146A01009
  040:  30 30 46 43 46 30 46 3b 54 32 3d 35 35 3b 41 75  00FCF0F;T2=55;Au
  050:  3d 37 35 35 30 3b 41 69 3d 2d 34 35 3b 42 75 3d  =7550;Ai=-45;Bu=
  060:  37 35 35 31 3b 42 69 3d 31 33 37 3b 53 75 3d 37  7551;Bi=137;Su=7
  070:  35 37 38 3b 53 69 3d 32 30 32 3b 33 75 3d 37 35  578;Si=202;3u=75
  080:  34 38 3b 33 69 3d 30                             48;3i=0
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04:35 UTC - AFSK non AX.25 @ 1200 bd on 435.715 MHz
Two frames decoded/uploaded live with turnstile + LNA/BPF at 29° max el.

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Thanks for this information, I created the following direwolf config file.

direwolf.conf

ARATE 48000
CHANNEL 0
MYCALL MYCALL
MODEM 1143 1190:2320 A- 9@7
KISSPORT 8001

And start direwolf in the following way to decode the replayed audio:

direwolf -t 0 -c direwolf.conf

Dire Wolf Release 1.8.1, November 2025
Includes optional support for:  gpsd hamlib cm108-ptt dns-sd

Reading config file obs/436/OBZP1/direwolf.conf
Line 4: Warning: Non-standard data rate of 1143 bits per second.  Are you sure?
Audio device for both receive and transmit: default  (channel 0)
Channel 0: 1143 baud, AFSK 1190 & 2320 Hz, A, 48000 sample rate, Tx AX.25.
        0.0: A 1162 & 2292
        0.1: A 1169 & 2299
        0.2: A 1176 & 2306
        0.3: A 1183 & 2313
        0.4: A 1190 & 2320
        0.5: A 1197 & 2327
        0.6: A 1204 & 2334
        0.7: A 1211 & 2341
        0.8: A 1218 & 2348

Note: PTT not configured for channel 0. (OK if using VOX.)
When using VOX, ensure that it adds very little delay (e.g. 10-20) milliseconds
between the time that transmit audio ends and PTT is deactivated.
For example, if using a SignaLink USB, turn the DLY control all the
way counter clockwise.

Using VOX built in to the radio is a VERY BAD idea.  This is intended
for voice operation, with gaps in the sound, and typically has a delay of about a
half second between the time the audio stops and the transmitter is turned off.
When using APRS your transmiter will be sending a quiet carrier for
about a half second after your packet ends.  This may interfere with the
the next station to transmit.  This is being inconsiderate.

If you are trying to use VOX with connected mode packet, expect
frustration and disappointment.  Connected mode involves rapid responses
which you will probably miss because your transmitter is still on when
the response is being transmitted.

Read the User Guide 'Transmit Timing' section for more details.

Ready to accept AGW client application 0 on port 8000 ...
Ready to accept KISS TCP client application 0 on port 8001 ...

OBZP1 audio level = 49(12/11)    __||||__|
[0.4] OBZP1>CQ:(I cc=00, n(s)=1, n(r)=0, p/f=0, pid=0x01)260325090231;06;B1=0BEF0100BA0FCF0F;B2=0BEF0100BA0FCF0F;T2=53;Au=7426;Ai=68;Bu=7426;Bi=55;Su=7425;Si=5;3u=7422;3i=0

Jan | PE0SAT

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Screenshot taken at ~18:00 UTC.

Hmm. The observation (#13654069) timestamps were set to local time (UTC+9) for an unknown reason.

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Does OBZP1 really transmits AFSK at 1143 bd? :thinking: I’ve got successful decodes at 1200 bd on both frequencies since AFSK has been activated.
Screenshots of yesterday’s (Mar 25) decodes.


435.615 MHz


435.715 MHz

1 Like

I’ve got a confirmation from Dmitri R4UAB, that the satellite transmits at 1200 bd.

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