Could some one guide me the typical duty cycle of FM Transponder payload dedicated for the amateurs? Is it continuously on or only active for a certain time in a day?
for cubesat and microsat, ussualy it scheduled
for bigger, like ISS, it always on
Thank you!
Could you indicate the duty cycle in general for microsats or cubesats?
iām not expert here. what i know many microsats and cubesats employ power management strategies that limit active operation to prevent overheating and optimize battery longevity. Consequently, the active duty cycle for fm transponder is kept relatively low.
Got the point,
Thank you very much for the inputs..!
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This depends on several factors, but as @bali mentioned, power management is really important.
The oldest LEO FM satellite still in operation is SAUDISAT 1C (SO-50) (older than me 
!!), and it remains continuously active (just activate the transponder with a 74.4Hz CTCSS signal).
Some satellites, such as HADES-R (SO-124) and HADES-ICM (SO-125), have had their FM transponders active for several months (these two in particular catch my attention because they are PocketQube class).
Others, like the Lapan-A2 (IO-86), have well-defined times for activating/deactivating their FM transponder (See the schedules in THIS post).
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@pu4elt Thank you very much for the detailed inputs, these references are very much helpful..!
superb sat. amazing